Analysis of crack opening stresses for center- and edge-crack tension specimens

Accurate determination of crack opening stress is of central importance to fatigue crack growth analysis and life prediction based on the crack-closure model. This paper studies the crack opening behavior for center- and edge-crack tension specimens. It is found that the crack opening stress is affected by the crack tip element. By taking the crack tip element into account, a modified crack opening stress equation is given for the center-crack tension specimen. Crack surface displace- ment equations for an edge crack in a semi-infinite plate under remote uniform tension and partially distributed pressure are derived by using the weight function method. Based on these displacements, a crack opening stress equation for an edge crack in a semi-infinite plate under uniform tension has been developed. The study shows that the crack opening stress is geometry-dependent, and the weight function method provides an effective and reliable tool to deal with such geometry depen- dence.     

表面介质阻挡放电等离子体体积力实验

采用粒子图像测速(PIV)技术,在2200,4800,7300,14600Pa空气压力条件下,测量了高频高压表面介质阻挡放电(surface dielectric barrier discharge,SDBD)等离子体诱导流场.根据速度场和N-S方程求解了等离子体体积力分布,分析了空气压力和激励器电压对等离子体体积力影响.实验结果表明:相同空气压力时,激励器电压越高体积力越大.相同激励器电压时,体积力随空气压力升高减小.在体积力分布区域,体积力方向一致,较大体积力区域分布于体积力方向线上游,流场高速流动区域紧挨较大体积力分布区域,位于体积力方向线下游.     

肋角度对气膜冷却特性的影响

在光滑二次流通道的基础上,分析对比了两种带肋通道(135°肋和45°肋)对气膜冷却特性的影响.采用瞬态液晶测试技术获得了气膜孔下游表面传热系数比与气膜冷却效率分布.使用Fluent软件RANS数值方法对相应结构进行了数值模拟,并使用了realizable k-ε湍流模型.光滑二次流通道模型中,气膜孔内流线呈螺旋状分布,导致较大的孔内速度分离与流动损失.冷气射流分成两部分,其中一股形成一对偏斜的对转涡.135°肋结构中,二次流通道上部分的旋转涡为顺时针方向,使得气流易于流入气膜孔,气膜孔内流线呈直线分布.45°肋结构中,二次流通道上部分旋转涡为逆时针方向,增强了气膜孔内旋转涡.45°肋结构中冷气流入气膜孔之后的流动结构与光滑二次流通道结构相似.135°肋结构气膜冷却效率最大而表面传热系数比最低.     

水热-凝胶法ZrO2 气凝胶的制备与表征

以硝酸氧锆为锆源,尿素为凝胶促进剂,通过水热凝胶法结合超临界乙醇干燥,可成功制备出具
有良好纳米三维网络结构的ZrO2 气凝胶。采用透射电镜(TEM)、比表面积及孔隙度分析仪(BET),X 射线衍
射仪等测试手段对其结构进行了表征与测试。结果表明,ZrO2 气凝胶主要由无定型和四方晶相组成,其比表
面积为445 m2 / g,孔径主要分布在5 ~7 nm 和30 ~40 nm 两处。     

q悬臂式周向多自由曲面超精密加工工装卡具设计

针对周向全方位多自由曲面超精密加工过程中存在的问题,设计其专用卡具;通过模型分析,建立了确定卡具关键参数的数学公式,给出了保证多自由曲面相互位置精度的安装调试方法,为减小卡具部分的系统误差提供理论依据。     

一种新型超宽带紧耦合天线阵列设计

针对紧耦合天线阵列（Tightly Coupled Array,TCA）安装于飞机、导弹、舰船等平台时接地板严重影响其阻抗带宽的问题,将栅格形阻性频率选择表面与交指型偶极子天线单元相结合,设计了一种新型多层结构的超宽带TCA。采用CST对加载与未加载栅格形阻性频率选择表面时TCA的性能进行了比较分析。结果表明：未加载时,受接地板影响其最佳阻抗带宽（VSWR〈2）为4．5：1（2．1～9．5GHz）;加载后,TCA可克服接地板的影响,其阻抗带宽可达10．4：1（1．8～18．8GHz）。     

大长径比圆截面隔离段流场的数值研究

对2 Ma均匀来流条件下大长径比L/D=17.5的等直圆截面隔离段内流场进行了数值模拟.研究了在不同背压和不同壁面粗糙度的条件下,隔离段内激波串形态、静压分布、总压恢复.结果表明:激波串位置与背压呈非线性关系,激波串中形成数道“X”形的激波,总压恢复系数随背压增加先减小后增大;壁面粗糙度增加会使激波串前的壁面压力有所增加,使激波串向上游移动,激波串的第一道激波强度增大,之后的激波强度迅速衰减.     

内埋电阻丝阵列检测复合材料表面裂伤初探

探讨了用层间埋置Ｎｉ－Ｃｒ合金丝构成局部网络实现对复合材料表面损伤位置和损伤程度检测。对表面裂纹尖端附近的应力场分布进行了分析，并将试验结果与预测结果进行了比较。实验结果表明：Ｎｉ－Ｃｒ合金丝阵列可以在玻纤／环氧树脂复合材料中用作传感元件，合金丝阵列所反映的裂端附近应力场分布是合理的。     

Performance of a small and low-cost chamber to simulate lunar surface environment

The performance of a small and low-cost metal chamber built to simulate the pressure and temperature conditions of lunar surface was assessed and the results are presented. This chamber is intended for studying the physical properties of lunar surface and subsurface (using soil simulants) and also to validate the technology readiness of certain newly developed payloads planned for future lunar surface missions (Lander/Rover). It is possible to reach down to ∼10⁻⁷ Pa under specific conditions and maintain the temperature of the sample under investigation to lunar day and night temperatures. The designed system has been subjected to various tests to evaluate its performance and suitability for carrying out experiments in a simulated lunar environment.     

Evaluating the feasibility of GPS measurements of SSH on board a ship along the Portuguese West Coast

Aiming to validate coastal altimetry data, an exploratory experiment was carried out, using a survey ship with onboard GPS and motion compensation systems. The ship navigation plan followed a track as coincident as possible with the passage of two altimetry satellites, Envisat and Jason-1, along the Portuguese coast, in June 2007.